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Charleston Veterinary Referral Center (CVRC)

Dog in tall grass

Internal Medicine

Overview

The Internal Medicine service at CVRC aims to solve complex and multi-disciplinary medical conditions. Internists are problem-solvers; they figure out how pieces of the puzzle fit together. With appropriate diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up, we hope to improve quality of life and life expectancy.

The Internal Medicine service has advanced training and expertise in managing diseases and conditions of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and urogenital systems. The service also has expertise in infectious disease diagnosis and treatment.

Cat leaping in a field of grass

What is a veterinary Internist?

A board certified Internal Medicine (IM) veterinarian has obtained intensive additional training in Internal Medicine and has been certified by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (DACVIM - SAIM). The advanced training and education required for certification includes a veterinary degree (3 or 4 years of undergraduate university, followed by 4 years of veterinary school), a rotating internship (1 year), an Internal Medicine residency (3 years), and passing a series of rigorous examinations covering all aspects of general physiology and internal medicine.

What diseases does the Internal Medicine service manage?

  • Gastrointestinal

    • Esophageal lack of motility (megaesophagus), inflammation, stricture

    • Stomach inflammation

    • Stomach ulcers

    • Inflammatory bowel disease

    • Protein losing GI disease

  • Respiratory

    • Nasal inflammation (rhinitis)

    • Tracheal collapse

    • Bronchitis

    • Asthma

    • Pneumonia

    • Pulmonary fibrosis

  • Liver/gall bladder

    • Elevated liver enzymes

    • Inflammation of the liver or gall bladder

    • Gallbladder stones

    • Liver shunt

  • Pancreas

    • Pancreatitis

    • Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

  • Urogenital

    • Urinary tract infection

    • Bladder stones

    • Kidney disease

    • Protein losing kidney disease

    • Kidney failure

    • Birth defect or the ureters (ectopic ureters) or kidneys (renal dysplasia)

    • Prostatic disease

  • Endocrine disease

    • Hyperthyroidism

    • Hypothyroidism

    • Cushings disease

    • Addison’s disease

    • Diabetes mellitus

    • Diabetes insipidus

    • Hyperparathyroidism

    • Hypercalcemia

    • Growth hormone disorders (acromegaly, e.g.)

    • Insulinoma

  • Blood disorders

    • Anemia

    • Low platelets (thrombocytopenia)

    • Low white blood cells (neutropenia)

    • Immune mediated anemia or polycythemia (IMHA, ITP)

    • Coagulation abnormalities

    • High red blood cell count (polycythemia)

  • Immune mediated disease

    • Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA)

    • Immune mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP)

    • Immune mediated polyarthropathy (IMPA)

  • Infectious disease

    • Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)

    • Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)

    • Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)

    • Fungal disease

      • Cryptococcus

      • Blastomycosis

      • Histoplasmosis

      • Aspergillosis

    • Mycobacterial infection

    • Bartonella infection

    • Ehrlichia infection

    • Anaplasma infection

    • Lyme disease

    • Leptospira infection

    • Parasites

      • Giardia

      • Coccidia

      • Roundworms

      • Hookworms

What diagnostics does the Internal Medicine service offer?

  • Detailed medical record review

  • Physical exam

  • Full in-house laboratory

    • Hematology

    • Blood chemistry

    • Urinalysis

    • Coagulation profile

    • Cytology

  • Full complement of external laboratories for advanced testing

  • Diagnostic Imaging

    • Digital radiography

    • Ultrasound

    • Echocardiography

    • CT

  • Endoscopy

    • Upper and lower GI scoping

    • Airway scoping

    • Female cystoscopy (canine)

  • Sampling of airway secretions

    • Tracheal wash

    • Bronchoalveolar lavage

  • Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies

  • Fine needle aspirates

  • Ultrasound guided biopsies

  • Pyelograms – urinary system study using contrast

  • Infectious disease investigation – titers, antigens, cultures, e.g.

What treatments does the Internal Medicine service offer?

  • In-house pharmacy with full complement of oral and injectable medications to treat disease or symptoms

  • Outpatient management of disease

  • Dedicated Intensive Care Unit staffed 24/7/365

    • Oxygen support

    • Advanced fluid therapy

    • Continuous patient monitoring

      • ECG

      • Blood pressure: indirect and direct arterial

      • Oxygen saturation

      • Temperature

      • Capnography - CO2 monitoring

  • Transfusion medicine

    • Blood typing and cross matching

    • Blood transfusions

      • Whole blood

      • Packed red blood cells

      • Fresh frozen plasma

    • On site blood bank and pet donation program

  • Nutrition

    • Advanced diets

    • Feeding tubes

    • IV nutrition

  • Fluid taps – pericardial taps, chest taps, abdominal taps, joint taps

  • Nasopharyngeal stenting

  • Nasal and sinus flushes

  • Ultrasonography

Do I need a referral?

No, you do not need a referral for our Internal Medicine service. We do request access your pets’ previous veterinary records to aid us in obtaining a complete history to prepare for your appointment.

What should I expect during my visit?

If you are a new client to CVRC, we encourage you to fill out our online New Patient Registration Form ahead of time, or bring the form with you. Otherwise, please arrive to your appointment approximately 10 minutes early to complete this form in our office.

Visits with the Internal Medicine service will take a few hours. If your pet’s care is more complicated and additional time is needed, we will keep you informed. Your visit will start with the Internal Medicine technician getting a full history from you. Please bring any medications that your pet is taking. The internist will perform a detailed medical record review and a physical exam. A plan for further diagnostics will be discussed with you. When diagnostics are complete, the internist will meet with you to explain their findings, go through a management plan, and answer any questions you may have. Written reports will be emailed to you and your primary veterinarian. We will maintain an ongoing relationship with you to ensure the best experience for you and your animal.

What should I bring to my visit?

  • Your pet!

  • All medications that your pet is receiving.

  • All of your pet’s medical records (these can be emailed by your pet’s other veterinarians to CVRC).

  • The person bringing your pet to the initial appointment should have thorough knowledge of the animal.

  • Follow your normal routine for medications and feeding the day of your visit unless you have been instructed otherwise by our staff.

  • If your pet is anxious in the clinic and has been prescribed trazodone or gabapentin in the past, give a dose 1-2 hours prior to your appointment.

Will you keep my family veterinarian informed of the care my pet receives at CVRC?

Absolutely, as long as you wish us to. We will keep your primary veterinarian updated about everything that happens here so that we are all on the same page. Your veterinarian will also have access to your pet’s medical record through our portal.

Our Internal Medicine Team